Analysis Of Common Faults And Repair Methods Of CNC Machine Tools

CNC machine tools (computer numerical control machine tools) are widely used in modern manufacturing due to their high precision and high efficiency. However, CNC machine tools will inevitably have various faults during long-term operation. If they cannot be checked and repaired in time, it will not only affect production efficiency, but may also cause equipment damage or even safety accidents. This article will start from several common faults, explore their causes and repair methods, and help users better perform maintenance.

1. Electrical system failure

Electrical system failure is one of the most common problems of CNC machine tools, manifested as failure to start, control system freeze, servo motor alarm, etc. Most of these problems are caused by unstable power supply, loose wiring, aging of control system, etc.

Repair method:

First, check whether the power supply is normal, especially whether the three-phase power is balanced; secondly, check whether the line connector is loose or oxidized, and replace the cable if necessary; for the alarm code of the control system, you can check each item according to the operation manual and replace or reconfigure the faulty module.

2. Wear or failure of mechanical parts

The mechanical parts of CNC machine tools such as slide rails, screws, bearings, etc. are prone to wear after long-term use, resulting in reduced processing accuracy, unsmooth movement, and even jamming.

Maintenance method:

The mechanical parts should be cleaned and lubricated regularly to maintain the flexibility of moving parts; when abnormal noise, vibration or accuracy deviation occurs, the wear should be checked in time, and the relevant parts should be replaced if necessary; geometric accuracy detection and laser calibration should also be performed regularly to ensure that the machine tool is always in good condition.

3. Tool system failure

Problems such as tool replacement failure, spindle failure or abnormal noise are often related to the tool magazine mechanism, solenoid valve, and air pressure system.

Maintenance method:

Check whether the air pressure meets the standard and confirm that the tool magazine runs smoothly; if the tool is abnormally grasped or released, check whether the manipulator is stuck, and adjust or replace the fixture if necessary; the spindle failure may be related to the driver, encoder or spindle motor, which needs to be further analyzed in combination with the alarm information.

4. System software failure

Control system software problems such as program freeze, coordinate confusion, and operation interface failure are mostly caused by system configuration errors, software version conflicts, or virus infections.

Repair methods:

You can try to restart the system or restore the factory settings; if the problem persists, it is recommended to contact the equipment manufacturer to reinstall or upgrade the system; in addition, operators must strictly follow programming specifications to avoid illegal instructions interfering with system operation.

Conclusion

Troubleshooting of CNC machine tools requires knowledge of electrical, mechanical, and software. It is recommended that operators receive regular training to enhance their understanding of machine tool structure and systems. At the same time, scientific maintenance and standardized operation are the key to reducing failures and extending the life of machine tools. Through systematic maintenance management, the stability and production efficiency of CNC machine tools can be effectively improved.